Sodium chloride is abundant in nature, with oceans serving as the primary source. It is found in seawater at an average concentration of 2.68 wt%. Additionally, it exists in many inland saline waters and in salt deposits within sedimentary rocks, where it is known as the mineral halite. Sodium chloride is likely the most important salt of both sodium and chlorine. As common table salt, it is a crucial ingredient in food preparation, enhancing flavor and providing the necessary sodium for nutrition.
Parameters
Melting point | 801 °C (lit.) |
Boiling point | 1465 °C/1 atm (lit.) |
bulk density | 1140kg/m3 |
density | 1.199 g/mL at 20 °C |
vapor pressure | 1 mm Hg ( 865 °C) |
refractive index | n |
Fp | 1413°C |
storage temp | +15C to +30C |
solubility | H2O: soluble |
form | tablets |
color | White |
Specific Gravity | 2.165 |
PH | 5.5-6.5(1 tablet in 100 mL purified water) |
Flame Color | Orange |
Water Solubility | 360 g/L (20 ºC) |
λmax | λ: 260 nm Amax: 0.02 |
Sensitive | Hygroscopic |
Crystal Structure | NaCl type |
crystal system | Cube |
Merck | 14,8599 |
BRN | 3534976 |
Space group | Fm3m |
Lattice constant | a/nmb/nmc/nmα/oβ/oγ/oV/nm30.5640.5640.5649090900.17942 |
Dielectric constant | 5.9（Ambient） |
BCS Class | 1 |
Stability | Stable. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents. |
InChIKey | FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M |
CAS DataBase Reference | 7647-14-5(CAS DataBase Reference) |
NIST Chemistry Reference | Sodium chloride(7647-14-5) |
EPA Substance Registry System | Sodium chloride (7647-14-5) |
Absorption | ≤0.01 at 260 |
Safety Information
Hazard Codes | Xi |
Risk Statements | 36-36/37/38-22 |
Safety Statements | 24/25-26-36 |
WGK Germany | 1 |
RTECS | VZ4725000 |
F | 3-10 |
TSCA | Yes |
HS Code | 38220000 |
Hazardous Substances Data | 7647-14-5(Hazardous Substances Data) |
Toxicity | LD50 orally in rats: 3.75 ±0.43 g/kg (Boyd, Shanas) |
Sodium Chloride, commonly referred to as table salt, occurs naturally as the mineral halite and is found in brines and seawater. It is soluble in water, though less so in alcohol. Sodium chloride was the first halide to react with silver nitrate and was also used by L. J. M. Daguerre and W. H. F. Talbot as a stabilizer before the use of hypo for fixing was introduced.
